Weight is transferred
from ankle to ground by heel bone known as calcaneum. Major weight bearing bone
in our body is calcaneum. Plantaris ,
gastrocnemius, soleus are the three major muscles related to calcaneus. Many
times heel pain is disabling specially when we walk after rest or prolong
sitting.
Pain can be due to:
1. Plantar Fascitis – pain under the heel.
2. Achilles Tendinitis - Behind the heel
Generally heel pains are temporary but if it persists for a
long time and becomes chronic then it needs treatment. Disabling pain is
another indication for treatment.
CAUSES –HEEL PAIN
We will discuss major
two causes of heel pain:
1
.Plantar Fascitis:
Plantar
Fascia - Plantar fascia is a band like structure attached to heel on one side
and to the toes on the other side at the bottom of the foot. If pain and
inflammation occurs in plantar fascia , it is known as Plantar Fasciitis. Major
cause of this condition is microtrauma ( repetitive injuries).
2. Achilles Tendinitis
Calf
muscles are connected to the calcaneus by a tendon called as Achilles tendon. Inflammation
of this tendon causes Achilles tendinitis. Patient experiences pain behind the
heel where this tendon is attached to the heel. Common in runners and sportspersons.
SYMPTOMS
1
.Plantar Fascitis :
Stabbing
pain at the bottom of foot near heel. Getting up from sitting position or after
rest is very difficult and painful, especially first few steps. Prolong
standing also aggravates the pain.
2.
Achilles Tendinitis:
Common
symptoms:
·
Pain
·
Tenderness
·
Swelling and
·
Stiffness
Generally,
morning stiffness occurs. Initially pain is mild but as the stress and stretch
increases on the tendon pain also increases. Sometimes a popping sound can be
heard .
TREATMENT:
1
.Plantar Fascitis:
Medical treatment
To
relieve pain and inflammation anti inflammatory and analgesic drugs are given,
like
ibuprofen , naproxen etc.
Steroid
Injections on the area having tenderness
and pain
.
Physical therapy
- Strengthening exercises –strengthening of muscles responsible for stabilization of heel ,ankle and foot should be taught to the patient.
- Stretching exercises- Stretching of plantar fascia and Achilles tendon forms the major part of treatment.
- Night splints and Orthotics like heel cups.
- .Taping-Athletic taping will also help the patient. Taping at the bottom of foot will support the plantar fascia.
Surgical treatment
First
conservative treatment is given. Surgery is an indication when pain is disabling and severe. Detachment or partial release
of plantar fascia is done .In the cases, where calcaneal spur is developed it
is also removed.
2.Achilles Tendinitis:
Medical treatment
To
relieve pain and inflammation anti inflammatory and analgesic drugs are given,
like
ibuprofen , naproxen etc.
Physical therapy
1. Taping – relieves pain by supporting the
tendon. Stress and load on the tendon
decreases.
2. Ultrasound –Its micro massaging effect helps in reducing pain and inflammation.
3. Sports massage and cryotherapy- It should be
given on the affected area to decreases the pain and swelling .
4 Strengthening exercises – in
acute cases rest is advised and eccentric exercises are indicated in chronic
cases .
Surgical treatment
Depending on the severity of the condition the surgeon
selects a procedure.One of the procedures is
Gastrocnemius recession. Calf muscles are lengthened surgically.
Other
causes of heel pain are:
- Bursitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome
- Bone tumor
- Stress fracture
- Sarcoidosis
By : Pooja Dhamija PT
No comments:
Post a Comment